ARRAY

 Array in C/ C++:-

Array declaration by  initializing elements:-

    // Array declaration by initializing elements

    int arr[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 }

    // Compiler creates an array of size 4.

    // above is same as "int arr[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40}"

Advantages of an Array in C/C++: 

1. Random access of elements using array index.
2. Use of less line of code as it creates a single array of multiple elements.
3. Easy access to all the elements.
4. Traversal through the array becomes easy using a single loop.
5. Sorting becomes easy as it can be accomplished by writing less line of code.

Disadvantages of an Array in C/C++: 

1. Allows a fixed number of elements to be entered which is decided at the time of declaration. Unlike a linked list, an array in C is not dynamic.
2. Insertion and deletion of elements can be costly since the elements are needed to be managed in accordance with the new memory allocation.

Accessing Array Elements: 

1. Array elements are accessed by using an integer index. Array index starts with 0 and goes till size of array minus 1.
2. Name of the array is also a pointer to the first element of array.

Example:- 

➤//C

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int arr[5];

arr[0] = 5;

arr[2] = -10;

arr[3 / 2] = 2; // this is same as arr[1] = 2

arr[3] = arr[0];

printf("%d %d %d %d", arr[0],

arr[1], arr[2], arr[3]);

return 0;

}

//Output: 5 2 -10 5

➤//C++

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int arr[5];

arr[0] = 5;

arr[2] = -10;

// this is same as arr[1] = 2

arr[3 / 2] = 2;

arr[3] = arr[0];

cout << arr[0] << " " << arr[1] << " " << arr[2] << " "

<< arr[3];

return 0;

}

//Output: 5 2 -10 5